PART 3 CH15 Farming The Constitution (Important Question Answer)
THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART III
CH15 FARMING THE CONSTITUTION (THE BEGINNING OF A NEW ERA)
IMPORTANT QUESTION ANSWER
2 Marks
Q1 Why is 'Objective Resolution' of Nehru coonsidered as momentous resolution? Give two reason
Ans Objective resolution was considered as momentous resolution because:
Ans Objective resolution was considered as momentous resolution because:
- It outlined the defining ideals of Constitution of Independent India and provided framework within which constitution making was to be proceeded.
- It proclaimed India to be an “Independent Sovereign Republic”.
Q2 Mention any two arguments given by Balakrishna Sharma for greater power to the centre.
Ans Balakrishna Sharma said following things in favour for greater power to the centre:
- He said strong centre could plan for well-being of the country and it can mobilise the availableeconomic resources of the country.
- Strong centre can establish proper administration and defend the country against foreign invasion.
4 Marks
Q3 Describe the different arguments made in favour of protection on of depressed class in the Constituent Assembly.
Ans The following arguments were made in favour of protection of depressed classes in the Constituent Assembly:
1. It was realised that the depressed classes especially tribals and untouchables needed special attention and safeguards to raise their status in society and provide them equality. But some members of the depressed class emphasised that the problem of the “Untouchables” could not be resolved through protection and safeguards alone.
2. These members believed that the disabilities of the depressed class were caused by the social norms and the moral values of caste divided society. The depressed class had been left in isolation with this belief that they are not born to be fit in the civil society. Their suffering was due to their systematic marginalisation. They had no aceess to education and also had no share in the administration. Thus, in the Constituent Assembly many recognised that social discrimination could not solve only through constitutional legislation, there had to be a change in the attitudes within society.
Q4 “The discussions within the Constituent Assembly were also influenced by the opinions expressed by the public”.
Ans The public opinion had a considerable effect on the discussions of the Constituent Assembly that were:
- There was public debate on all the resolutions.
- The newspapers reported the arguments presented by different members on any issue.
- Criticisms and counter criticism in the press shaped the nature of the consensus that was ultimately reached on specific issues.
- Suggestions from the public was also welcomed which created a sense of collective participation.
- Many linguistic minorities demanded protection of their mother tongue. Religious minorities asked for special safeguards.
- The groups low caste or dalits demanded an end to ill-treatments by upper caste people and reservation of separate seats on the basis of their population in legislatures.
- Important issues of cultural rights and social justice raised in the public discussions were debated in the Assembly.
- In the same way, groups of religious minorities came forward and asked for special safeguards.
Q5 “A communist member Somnath Lahiri saw the dark hand of British . imperialism hanging over the deliberations of the Constituent Assembly”. Examine the statement and give your own views in support of your answer.
Ans The statement implies that Somnath Lahiri saw the influence of the British imperialism over the deliberation of the Constituent Assembly.
As a result, he urged the members to completely free themselve from the influences of imperial rule. During the winter of 1946-47, when the assembly was constituted, British were still in India.
An intern administration headed by Jawaharlal Nehru was in place, but it could only operate under the direction of the viceroy and the British Government in London. Lahiri exhorted his colleagues to realise that the constitent Assembly was British made and was working on the British plans as the British should like it to be worked out.
8 Marks
Q6 “Within the Constituent Assembly of India the language issue was intensely debated”. Examine the views put forward by members of the assembly on the issue. (All India 2016)
Ans The language issue was intensely debated in the Constituent Assembly. R.V. Dhulekar, Shrimati G. Durgabai, Shri Shankarrao Deo and T.A. Ramalingam Chettiar were prominent members of the Constituent Assembly who gave their remarkable views on language.
R.V. Dhulekar, a Congressman from the United Provinces, made a strong plea that Hindi must be used as the language of constitution making. He stated! “People who are present in this house to fashion a constitution for India and do not know Hindustani are not worthy to be member of this Assembly. They better leave”. Many members of the Assembly became agitated and the controversy regarding language continued over the next three years.
After three years, the language Committee of the Constituent Assembly had produced its report. The committee tried gave a compromise formula to resolve the dead lock between those who advocated Hindi as the national language and those who oppose it. The committee suggested Hindi in the Devanagari script would be the official language along with English. But this solution could not satisfy members like dhulekar who wanted to see hindi as the language of India.
Shrimati G. Durgabai from Madras expressed her worry that this controversy made the non - Hindi speaking people to think that other powerful languages of India would be neglected and it was an obstacle for the composite culture of our nation. She informed the House that the opposition in the South against Hindi was very strong. She said “The opponents feel perhaps justly that this propaganda for Hindi cuts at the very root of the provincial languages”.
She along with many others had obeyed the call of Mahatma Gandhi and carried on Hindi propaganda in the South. She accepted Hindustani as the language of the people. But its character was changed as it took many Urdu words and regional vocabulary. Durgabai believed this composite character of Hindustani was bound to create anxieties and fears among different language groups.
Shri Shankarrao Deo, a member from Bombay, a Congressman and a follower of Mahatma Gandhi
accepted Hindustani as a language of the nation. But he warned “If you want my whole-hearted support (for Hindi) you must not do now any thing which may arise my suspicions and which will strengthen my fears”.
T. A. Ramalingam Chettiar from Madras suggested that whatever was done had to be done with caution. Because the cause of Hindi would not be helped if it was pushed too aggressively. There would be fear and bitter feelings among people if Hindi was applied forcefully, although the people might be unjustified. So he believed that to form a united nation “there should be mutual adjustment and no question of forcing things on people.”In this way different members of the Constituent Assembly expressed their views regarding the controversy.
Q7 How did Constituent Assembly of India protected the powers of the Central government? Explain
Ans India achieved its independence on 15 th August, 1947 and was also divided into two parts i.e. India and Pakistan. Before the partition, the Constituent Assembly did not communicated itself in commendation of a strong Central Government, but after the declaration of partition on 3rd June. 1947, Constituent Assembly considered itself free from all restriction inflicted by Cabinet Mission and political pressure. Constituent Assembly decided to opt for a federation along with strong center. There were arguments in favour of strong provinces which evoked powerful reaction from mthe leaders who preferred reactions from the leader who preferred strong centers.
Dr BR Ambedkar and Jawaharalal Nehru propounded a strong Central Government for India. They
mentioned to the riots’and violences that were fearing the nation apart and stated that only a strong centre can stop the communal disharmony. Balakrishna Sharma focussed on length of the nation and stated that only a centre, which was powerful could plan for the well-being of the country. Strong centre would help in mobilising available economic resources and proper administration was possible only through strong centre only.
In spite of arguments of the centre has likely to break or ineciency of the centre, the rights of the states were most impressively defended by K Santhanam from Madras. Also the decision of the Constituent. Assembly to have a strong centre was occasioned by the situations in which it was taken. Most of the members felt that strong centre was the need of the hour. It was necessary to ensure peace, prosperity and political stability, and hence, Gopalaswami Ayyangar requested to make centre as strong as possible.
8 Marks
Q6 “Within the Constituent Assembly of India the language issue was intensely debated”. Examine the views put forward by members of the assembly on the issue. (All India 2016)
Ans The language issue was intensely debated in the Constituent Assembly. R.V. Dhulekar, Shrimati G. Durgabai, Shri Shankarrao Deo and T.A. Ramalingam Chettiar were prominent members of the Constituent Assembly who gave their remarkable views on language.
R.V. Dhulekar, a Congressman from the United Provinces, made a strong plea that Hindi must be used as the language of constitution making. He stated! “People who are present in this house to fashion a constitution for India and do not know Hindustani are not worthy to be member of this Assembly. They better leave”. Many members of the Assembly became agitated and the controversy regarding language continued over the next three years.
After three years, the language Committee of the Constituent Assembly had produced its report. The committee tried gave a compromise formula to resolve the dead lock between those who advocated Hindi as the national language and those who oppose it. The committee suggested Hindi in the Devanagari script would be the official language along with English. But this solution could not satisfy members like dhulekar who wanted to see hindi as the language of India.
Shrimati G. Durgabai from Madras expressed her worry that this controversy made the non - Hindi speaking people to think that other powerful languages of India would be neglected and it was an obstacle for the composite culture of our nation. She informed the House that the opposition in the South against Hindi was very strong. She said “The opponents feel perhaps justly that this propaganda for Hindi cuts at the very root of the provincial languages”.
She along with many others had obeyed the call of Mahatma Gandhi and carried on Hindi propaganda in the South. She accepted Hindustani as the language of the people. But its character was changed as it took many Urdu words and regional vocabulary. Durgabai believed this composite character of Hindustani was bound to create anxieties and fears among different language groups.
Shri Shankarrao Deo, a member from Bombay, a Congressman and a follower of Mahatma Gandhi
accepted Hindustani as a language of the nation. But he warned “If you want my whole-hearted support (for Hindi) you must not do now any thing which may arise my suspicions and which will strengthen my fears”.
T. A. Ramalingam Chettiar from Madras suggested that whatever was done had to be done with caution. Because the cause of Hindi would not be helped if it was pushed too aggressively. There would be fear and bitter feelings among people if Hindi was applied forcefully, although the people might be unjustified. So he believed that to form a united nation “there should be mutual adjustment and no question of forcing things on people.”In this way different members of the Constituent Assembly expressed their views regarding the controversy.
Q7 How did Constituent Assembly of India protected the powers of the Central government? Explain
Ans India achieved its independence on 15 th August, 1947 and was also divided into two parts i.e. India and Pakistan. Before the partition, the Constituent Assembly did not communicated itself in commendation of a strong Central Government, but after the declaration of partition on 3rd June. 1947, Constituent Assembly considered itself free from all restriction inflicted by Cabinet Mission and political pressure. Constituent Assembly decided to opt for a federation along with strong center. There were arguments in favour of strong provinces which evoked powerful reaction from mthe leaders who preferred reactions from the leader who preferred strong centers.
Dr BR Ambedkar and Jawaharalal Nehru propounded a strong Central Government for India. They
mentioned to the riots’and violences that were fearing the nation apart and stated that only a strong centre can stop the communal disharmony. Balakrishna Sharma focussed on length of the nation and stated that only a centre, which was powerful could plan for the well-being of the country. Strong centre would help in mobilising available economic resources and proper administration was possible only through strong centre only.
In spite of arguments of the centre has likely to break or ineciency of the centre, the rights of the states were most impressively defended by K Santhanam from Madras. Also the decision of the Constituent. Assembly to have a strong centre was occasioned by the situations in which it was taken. Most of the members felt that strong centre was the need of the hour. It was necessary to ensure peace, prosperity and political stability, and hence, Gopalaswami Ayyangar requested to make centre as strong as possible.
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