BOOK1 CH9 International Trade (Summary)
BOOK1 FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
CH9 INTERNATIONAL TRADE
SUMMARY
History of International Trade
- In ancient times, trade was restricted to local markets. Slowly long distance trade developed; of which silk route is an example. The route was 6000 km long connecting. Rome to China and traders transported chinese silk, roman wool, metals, etc through this route. Later, sea and ocean routes were discovered and trade grew.
- The slave Trade emerged in 15th century in which the portuguese, Dutch, Spaniards and British captured African natives and sold to plantation owners in America. After Industrial Revolution, industrial nations imported raw materials and exported finished products to non-industrial nations.
- International trade is the result of specialisation in production and division of labour. It is based on the principle of comparative advantage that is mutually beneficial to trading partners.
Basis of International Trade
The factor on which international trade depends are as follows :
The factor on which international trade depends are as follows :
- Difference in national resource : The resource are unevenly distributed in the world. These difference mainly refer to geology, mineral resources and climate.
- Geological structure : This means the relief features, types of land such as fertile, mountains, lowlands, that support agriculture, tourism and other activities.
- Mineral Resources : The region rich in minerals will support industrial devlopment that leads to trade.
- Climate : It influences the type of flora and fauna that is found in a region, such as wool production in cold region. Cocoa, rubber, Bananas can grow in tropical regions.
Concerns Related To International Trade
This can be summarised as merits and demerits of international trade.
Merits of International Trade : International trade is beneficial if it promote regional specialisation, higher level of production, better standard of living, worldwide availability of goods and service, equalisation of price and wages and diffusion of knowledge and culture.
Demerits of International Trade : The demerits are, it leads to dependence on other countries, uneven levels of development, exploitation and commercial rivalry.
Gateways of International Trade
Harbours and poets are the chief gateways of international trade. These ports facilitate the passage of cargos and travellers as well as provide facilities of docking, loading, unloading and storage.
Types of Ports
Ports are generally, classified according to the types of traffic which handle, Types of ports on the basis of cargo handled are :
Industrial Ports : The ports that handle bulk cargo like grain, ores, oil, chemicals are called industrial ports.
Commercial Ports : Ports handling packaged products, manufacturing goods, passengers are commercial ports
Comprehensive Ports : Ports that handle bulk and general cargo in large volumes are called comprehensive ports. Most of the world great ports are classified as comprehensive ports.
Types of Ports on The Basis or Location
Inland Ports : Ports located away from the sea coasts and linked to the sea through a river or a canal are inland ports. E.g Mannheim on Rhine river.
Out Ports : Ports in deep water built away from the actual ports and serving big ships are called out ports. E.g Athens and its out port piraeus in greece.
Types of Ports on The Basis of Specialised Function
Oil port: Ports that deal in the processing and shipping of oil are know as oil ports. These are tanker ports like tripoli in lebanon and refinery ports like Abadon on the gulf of persia.
Ports of Call : Ports which originally developed as calling points on main sea routes where ships used to anchor fr refuelling, watering and taking food items are called ports of call. E.g - Honolulu and Aden
Packet Station : Also know as ferry ports, these are exclusively concerned with the transportation of passenger and mail across water bodies covering short distances. E.g - Dover in England and Calais in France.
Entrepot Pots - These are collection centres where the good are brought from different countries for export. E.g - Singapore in an entrepot for Asia.
Naval Ports - These ports serve worship and have repair workship and have repair workshop for them. E.g- Kochi,Karwar in India.
Comprehensive Ports : Ports that handle bulk and general cargo in large volumes are called comprehensive ports. Most of the world great ports are classified as comprehensive ports.
Types of Ports on The Basis or Location
Inland Ports : Ports located away from the sea coasts and linked to the sea through a river or a canal are inland ports. E.g Mannheim on Rhine river.
Out Ports : Ports in deep water built away from the actual ports and serving big ships are called out ports. E.g Athens and its out port piraeus in greece.
Types of Ports on The Basis of Specialised Function
Oil port: Ports that deal in the processing and shipping of oil are know as oil ports. These are tanker ports like tripoli in lebanon and refinery ports like Abadon on the gulf of persia.
Ports of Call : Ports which originally developed as calling points on main sea routes where ships used to anchor fr refuelling, watering and taking food items are called ports of call. E.g - Honolulu and Aden
Packet Station : Also know as ferry ports, these are exclusively concerned with the transportation of passenger and mail across water bodies covering short distances. E.g - Dover in England and Calais in France.
Entrepot Pots - These are collection centres where the good are brought from different countries for export. E.g - Singapore in an entrepot for Asia.
Naval Ports - These ports serve worship and have repair workship and have repair workshop for them. E.g- Kochi,Karwar in India.
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