BOOK2 CH8 Manufacturing Industries (Summary)
BOOK2 INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY
CH8 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
SUMMARY
Types of industries
On the basis of size capital investment and labour force employed:
1. Large scale industries
2. Medium scale industries
3. Small scale and cottage industries
On the basis of ownership:
1. Public sector industries
2. Private sector industries
3. Joint and cooperative sector
On the basis of use of finished goods:
1. Basic goods industries
2. Capital goods industries
3. Intermediate goods industries
4. Consumers good industries
On the basis of raw material used by them:
1. Agriculture based industries
2. Forest based industries
3. Mineral based industries
4. Industrially processed raw material based industries
Location of industries
1) Location of industries is determined by important factors i.e raw material,power resources,water,labour,markets and the transport facilities.
2) Raw material and industries and inter related to each other. Most of the manufacturing industries are located at a place where cost of production and cost of delivery of finished goods are least.
3)Nature of raw materials and finished goods decide the cost of transportation.
Factors of industrial location
Raw Materials
1) Industries using raw material which are perishable or lose weight in the process of manufacture are usually located near the source of the raw material.
2) For example, sugar mills, pulp industries, copper smelting, pig iron industries, etc.
3) Iron and steel industries are mostly located near coalfields (e.g Bokaro, Durgapur) or near source of iron ore and coal lose their weight during the process of manufacturing of steel.
Historical Factor
Colonial influence like competition like competition from the british goods and the british discriminatory policies, are also important reason for the emergence of some of our industrial nodes (like, mumbai kolkata and chennai and manufacture centres (like murshidabad, dhaka, bhadohi, surat, vadodara, kozhikode, coimbatore, mysore, etc.
The cotton textile industry -
1. One of the traditional industries in India
2. India is famous for muslin, calicos chintz
Advantages available for cotton textile industries
1. Cotton cloth is most comfortable in tropical climate
2. Large area under cotton cultivation
3. Availability of abundant skilled labour
Advantages of cotton textiles in Mumbai
1. Close to cotton growing areas
2. Mumbai port facility
3. Provide capital for industries
4. Availability of cheap labour
5. Machines can be imported
Industrial Policy
1. To bring balanced regional development and to eradicate regional disparities in the economy, are the main objective of our democratic country.
2. India attempts to promote backward areas like tribal areas into economic development process by providing lots of incentives. For example, establishment of iron and steel industry in Bhilai and Rourkela were based on decision to develop backward tribal areas of the country.
Major Industries
1) The iron and steel industry
2) TISCO - The Tata Iron and Steel Plant
3) IISCO - The First Factory of the Indian Iron and SteelCompany
4) VISL - Visvesvarayia Iron and Steel Works Ltd
5) Rourkela Steel Plant
6) Bhilai Steel Plant
7) Durgapur Steel Plant
8) Bokaro Steel Plant
1) Location of industries is determined by important factors i.e raw material,power resources,water,labour,markets and the transport facilities.
2) Raw material and industries and inter related to each other. Most of the manufacturing industries are located at a place where cost of production and cost of delivery of finished goods are least.
3)Nature of raw materials and finished goods decide the cost of transportation.
Factors of industrial location
Raw Materials
1) Industries using raw material which are perishable or lose weight in the process of manufacture are usually located near the source of the raw material.
2) For example, sugar mills, pulp industries, copper smelting, pig iron industries, etc.
3) Iron and steel industries are mostly located near coalfields (e.g Bokaro, Durgapur) or near source of iron ore and coal lose their weight during the process of manufacturing of steel.
Historical Factor
Colonial influence like competition like competition from the british goods and the british discriminatory policies, are also important reason for the emergence of some of our industrial nodes (like, mumbai kolkata and chennai and manufacture centres (like murshidabad, dhaka, bhadohi, surat, vadodara, kozhikode, coimbatore, mysore, etc.
The cotton textile industry -
1. One of the traditional industries in India
2. India is famous for muslin, calicos chintz
Advantages available for cotton textile industries
1. Cotton cloth is most comfortable in tropical climate
2. Large area under cotton cultivation
3. Availability of abundant skilled labour
Advantages of cotton textiles in Mumbai
1. Close to cotton growing areas
2. Mumbai port facility
3. Provide capital for industries
4. Availability of cheap labour
5. Machines can be imported
Industrial Policy
1. To bring balanced regional development and to eradicate regional disparities in the economy, are the main objective of our democratic country.
2. India attempts to promote backward areas like tribal areas into economic development process by providing lots of incentives. For example, establishment of iron and steel industry in Bhilai and Rourkela were based on decision to develop backward tribal areas of the country.
Major Industries
1) The iron and steel industry
2) TISCO - The Tata Iron and Steel Plant
3) IISCO - The First Factory of the Indian Iron and SteelCompany
4) VISL - Visvesvarayia Iron and Steel Works Ltd
5) Rourkela Steel Plant
6) Bhilai Steel Plant
7) Durgapur Steel Plant
8) Bokaro Steel Plant
9) Durgapur Steel Plant
SUGAR INDUSTRY
The sugar industry being the second largest agro - based industry in India, is the largest producer of both sugar ad sugarcane. It contributes about 8 % of the total sugar production in the world.
The first sugar mill was established in 1903 in Bihar and then many mills were established in many parts of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
This industry provides employment to moe than 4 lakh person and large number of framers. It is a seasonal industry.
Location of the sugar Industry
As sugarcane is heavy, low value, weight losing and perishable raw material, thus sugar factories are located and perishable raw material, thus sugar factories are located mostly in sugarcane growing regions :
The Ganga - Yamuna Doab
Taral region
PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
This group of industries has been growing very fast in India. The demand of its products is very high since 1960s. Many Items are derived from crude petroleum, which provide raw material for many new industries, these are collectively know as petrochemical industries.
Petrochemical industries are divided into four sub groups :
(i) Polymers
(ii) Synthetic fibres
(iii) Elastomers
(iv) Surcface intermediate
Distribution of Petrochemical Industries
Mumbai is the hub of the petrochemical industries. Others cracker units are at Auraiya (Uttar Pradesh), Jamnagar, Gandhinagar and hajira (Gujrat), Nogothane, Ratnagiri (Maharashtra), Halida (West Bengal) and Vishakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh).
There are three organisation which are working in the petrochemical sector under the administrative control of the department of chemicals and petrochemical:
Indian Petrochemical Corporation Limited
Petrofies cooperative limited (PCL)
Central Institutes of Plastic Engineering and technology (CIPET)
LPG Liberalisation,Privatisation,Globalisation And Industrial Development In India
The new industrial policy was announced in 1991 with the following objective :
(i) To build on the gains already made.
(ii) Correct the distortions or weaknesses that have crept in.
(iii) Maintain a sustained growth in productivity and gainful employment.
(iv) Attain international competitiveness.
Following were the policy measures taken under LPG:
(i) Abolition of industrial licensing
(ii) Free entry to foreign technology
(iii) Access to capital market
(iv) Open trade
(v) Abolition of phased manufacturing programme.
(vi) Liberalised industrial location programme.
ADVERSE EFFECT OF LPG
1) Infra structural sector was remained untouched while major share went to core sectors.
2) Economically weaker states could not compete with developed states in open market in attracting industrial investment.
INDUSTRIAL REGIONS IN INDIA
Due to favourable factors, most of the industries are located in a few pockets having high concentration of industries are know as industrial clusters.
Several indices are used to identify the clustering of industries, important among them are
(i) The number of industrial units
(ii) Number of Industrial workers
(iii) Quantum of power used for industrial purpose
(iv) Total industrial output
(v) Value added by manufacturing
INDUSTRIAL REGIONS AND DISTRICTS
Major Industrial Regions
(i) Mumbai - Puna region.
(ii) Hugli region
(iii) Bengaluru, Tamil nadu region
(iv) Gujrat region
(v) Chotanagpur region
(vi) Vishakhapatnam - Guntur region
(vii) Gurugram - Delhi - Meerut region
(viii) Kollam - Thiruvananthapuram region
Minor industrial Regions
(i) Ambala - Amritsar
(ii) Saharanpur - Muzzaffarnagar - Bijnor
(iii) Indore - Dewas - Ujjain
(iv) Jaipur - Ajmer
(v)Kolhapur - South Kannada
(vi) Northern Malabar
(vii) Middle Malabar
(viii) Adilabd - Nizamabad
(ix) Allahabad - Varanasi - Mirzapur
(x) Bhojpur - Munger
Industrial Districts
(i) Kanpur (ii) Hyderabad
(iii) Agra (iv) Nagpur
(v) Gwalior (vi) Bhopal
(vii) Lucknow (viii) Jalpaiguri
(ix) Cuttack (x) Gorakhpur
INDUSTRIAL REGION IN INDIA
1. Mumbai - Pune Industrial Region
2. Hugli Industrial Region
3. Bengaluru (Bangalore) Chennai Industrial Region
4. Gujrat Industrial Region
5. Chotangpur Region
6. Vishakhapatnam - Gunntur Region
7. Gurugram - Delhi - Meerut Region
8. Kollam - Thiruvananthapuram Region
SUGAR INDUSTRY
The sugar industry being the second largest agro - based industry in India, is the largest producer of both sugar ad sugarcane. It contributes about 8 % of the total sugar production in the world.
The first sugar mill was established in 1903 in Bihar and then many mills were established in many parts of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
This industry provides employment to moe than 4 lakh person and large number of framers. It is a seasonal industry.
Location of the sugar Industry
As sugarcane is heavy, low value, weight losing and perishable raw material, thus sugar factories are located and perishable raw material, thus sugar factories are located mostly in sugarcane growing regions :
The Ganga - Yamuna Doab
Taral region
PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
This group of industries has been growing very fast in India. The demand of its products is very high since 1960s. Many Items are derived from crude petroleum, which provide raw material for many new industries, these are collectively know as petrochemical industries.
Petrochemical industries are divided into four sub groups :
(i) Polymers
(ii) Synthetic fibres
(iii) Elastomers
(iv) Surcface intermediate
Distribution of Petrochemical Industries
Mumbai is the hub of the petrochemical industries. Others cracker units are at Auraiya (Uttar Pradesh), Jamnagar, Gandhinagar and hajira (Gujrat), Nogothane, Ratnagiri (Maharashtra), Halida (West Bengal) and Vishakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh).
There are three organisation which are working in the petrochemical sector under the administrative control of the department of chemicals and petrochemical:
Indian Petrochemical Corporation Limited
Petrofies cooperative limited (PCL)
Central Institutes of Plastic Engineering and technology (CIPET)
LPG Liberalisation,Privatisation,Globalisation And Industrial Development In India
The new industrial policy was announced in 1991 with the following objective :
(i) To build on the gains already made.
(ii) Correct the distortions or weaknesses that have crept in.
(iii) Maintain a sustained growth in productivity and gainful employment.
(iv) Attain international competitiveness.
Following were the policy measures taken under LPG:
(i) Abolition of industrial licensing
(ii) Free entry to foreign technology
(iii) Access to capital market
(iv) Open trade
(v) Abolition of phased manufacturing programme.
(vi) Liberalised industrial location programme.
ADVERSE EFFECT OF LPG
1) Infra structural sector was remained untouched while major share went to core sectors.
2) Economically weaker states could not compete with developed states in open market in attracting industrial investment.
INDUSTRIAL REGIONS IN INDIA
Due to favourable factors, most of the industries are located in a few pockets having high concentration of industries are know as industrial clusters.
Several indices are used to identify the clustering of industries, important among them are
(i) The number of industrial units
(ii) Number of Industrial workers
(iii) Quantum of power used for industrial purpose
(iv) Total industrial output
(v) Value added by manufacturing
INDUSTRIAL REGIONS AND DISTRICTS
Major Industrial Regions
(i) Mumbai - Puna region.
(ii) Hugli region
(iii) Bengaluru, Tamil nadu region
(iv) Gujrat region
(v) Chotanagpur region
(vi) Vishakhapatnam - Guntur region
(vii) Gurugram - Delhi - Meerut region
(viii) Kollam - Thiruvananthapuram region
Minor industrial Regions
(i) Ambala - Amritsar
(ii) Saharanpur - Muzzaffarnagar - Bijnor
(iii) Indore - Dewas - Ujjain
(iv) Jaipur - Ajmer
(v)Kolhapur - South Kannada
(vi) Northern Malabar
(vii) Middle Malabar
(viii) Adilabd - Nizamabad
(ix) Allahabad - Varanasi - Mirzapur
(x) Bhojpur - Munger
Industrial Districts
(i) Kanpur (ii) Hyderabad
(iii) Agra (iv) Nagpur
(v) Gwalior (vi) Bhopal
(vii) Lucknow (viii) Jalpaiguri
(ix) Cuttack (x) Gorakhpur
INDUSTRIAL REGION IN INDIA
1. Mumbai - Pune Industrial Region
2. Hugli Industrial Region
3. Bengaluru (Bangalore) Chennai Industrial Region
4. Gujrat Industrial Region
5. Chotangpur Region
6. Vishakhapatnam - Gunntur Region
7. Gurugram - Delhi - Meerut Region
8. Kollam - Thiruvananthapuram Region
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