BOOK2 CH1 Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition (Summary)

BOOK 2 INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY 

CH1 POPULATION: DISTRIBUTION, DENSITY, GROWTH AND COMPOSITION

SUMMARY 

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION 

1. Population is distributed unevenly.

2. UP has highest population followed by  Bihar , West Bengal , Arunachal Pradesh 

3. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Gujarat account for 76% of population.

4. Arunachal Pradesh 0.11% Uttaranchal 0.83%.

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

1. Physical Factors : Climate, Water, Terrain, Transport
2. Socio Economic Factors : Settled agriculture. Agri. develop. pattern of human settlements, dev. of transport, industries, urbanization.
3 Historical Factors : Development of cities such as Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai by British.

Density of Population 

1. Number of Person per unit area

2. The density of population (2001) in 313/sq km.

3. Lowest in Arunachal Pradesh:13 / per sq km NCT: 9340

4. WB ; 930 Bihar; 880

5. Himalayan states and North east have low density where as ganga plain has highest density and other states have moderate population.

* Physiological density = Total Population / Net Cultivated Area
* Agricultural density = Total Agricultural Population / Net Cultivated Area

Growth of Population 

Change in thea number of people living a particular area between two points of time.

It is expressed in % Two components:

1. Natural 

2. Induced natural growth is analyzed by crude birth rate and crude death rate and crude death rate Induced growth is calculated with the immigration - out migration. The annual growth is 2.4% in 36 years its population will be doubled stages of population growth.

STAGE 1 : 1901 - 1921 stagnant growth, slow growth rate, BR and DR were high, poor medical facilities, low literacy rate, inefficient distribution of food and basic facilities.

STAGE 2 : 1921 - 1951 steady growth, slow growth rate, improvement in health and sanitation low morality rate. Better transport facilities, high birth rate and decline death rate. The influence of world war and economic depression influenced.

STAGE 3 : 1951 - 1981  Population explosion fall in morality rate, high  fertility rate, introduction of five years plan, improvement of living condition, increased migration.

STAGE 4 : 1981 Onwards growth rate declined, crude birth rate declined due to increase marriage age, improved quality of life and education.

REGIONAL VARIATION IN POPULATION GROWTH 

It is less than 20% in southern states. It is high in north west central and north eastern states. The adolescents % is 23% male and 53% female 47% features of adolescents population: high potential, quite vulnerable.